Python Basics

In Python, the Unicode type stores a character. The int type stores an integer. To convert from one type to the other, we use the int() and Unicode() functions.

Python data types

Python has five standard data types −

Numbers
String
List
Tuple
Dictionary
Numbers: Number data types store numeric values. Number objects are created when you assign a value to them. For example −
var1 = 1
var2 = 10
You can also delete the reference to a number object by using the del statement. The syntax of the del statement is − del var1[,var2[,var3[….,varN]]] You can delete a single object or multiple objects by using the del statement. For example −
del var del var_a, var_b You can print the reference count by using the sys.getrefcount() function. The syntax of this function is following − sys.getrefcount(object) For example − import sys x = 1; print (sys.getrefcount(x)) When you run the above program, it produces the following result (). Sometimes, you may need to use id() function to find out witch number object is stored in which memory location.The syntax of this function is− id (object) For example Ś import sys x = 1; y = 2 print (id(x), id(y)) If you run this program then it produces following result().Note that two distinct objects can have same id(). Python recognizes four numeric types int , long , float and complex . Int type stores whole numbers from -2147483648 to 2147483647 i shorter forms -sys.maxsize-1to sys . maxsize . Long integers have unlimited precision and they are written as follows 18446744073709551616L #This will only work on 64-bit machine python automatically allocates more memory as required for long integersFloat type number can have decimal points upto 15 decimal places and they are represented in exponential form with ”e” or ”E” character followed by positive or negative numbers such as 3 51026e+07 , -5 53553e+02 +450253553E-03 and so on…Complex number represent real and imaginary parts together with j character as suffix such as 45 0+75 0j , 75 0j , -90+0J etc … String: A string type object is an ordered sequence of characters ranging from simple ASCII characters to more complicated Unicode characters There are two types of string available in python – str & unicode str – This is byte sequence unicode – Universal encoding scheme for all languagesYou cannot combine str & unicode together with “+” operator Instead, use built in functions like unicode() & str(), or codecs moduleSlicing a string returns a part of original string if start index entered is lesser than end index else empty string will be returned To reverse any string use [::-1]For example : >>> s=”Hello World” >>> s[0:5] ‘Hello’ >>> s[6:] “World” Lists: n general purpose ordered sequence which allows arbitrary mixed types including heterogeneous data and allows duplicate members n ordering not imposed but typically implemented via sort() methodLists represented inside square brackets [] seperated with commaHere length can change dynamically means size gets increased/decreased at runtime Any valid data item including list itself & other container like tuple or dictionary could be elements in list Manipulation via indexing similar to stringsSlicing possible lists List Concatenation via append methoddeleting members possible using remove method but member must be availablethe clear method deletes all member of list hence gives empty listno complete deletion possible efficient manipulation possible using daft modulelogical operation done on set of underlying data items membership based on value equality testing loop based iteration on lists very easy dictionary Dictionary items saved as key-value pair similar structure present in C++ map Type Custom keys allowed No duplication of keys Keys mutated Serveral operations apply due clear key resetting len count Assigning default value if key not found iterable scientific modules randomchoice shuffle shuffle sample choice uniform triangular betavariate gauss erfinv gamma weibull vonmises paretovariate poisson lognormalexpovariate zipf numpymodule spot check datatype conversion Science Fair Projects Ideas Physics ChemistryBiology Earth Science Space ExplorationEnvironmental Issues Health AnatomyEcology Evolution ZoologyPlants Animals Marine Life GeologyMinerals Rocks Earthquakes VolcanoesWeather climate change Hurricanes TornadoesMathematics Algebra Statistics ProbabilityCalculus projectIdeas Technology Aerodynamics Alternativerobotics Cars Computers InternetNanotechnology radiation Mobile Phones Space TravelTelecommunications video games HardwareSoftware

Python operators

Python operators are symbols that are used to perform mathematical or logical manipulations. They are categorized into six types:

Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Identity operators
Membership operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a Boolean value (true or false). Logical operators are used to combine two Boolean values. Identity operators are used to check if two values have the same identity. Membership operators are used to check if a value is a member of a sequence (list, tuple, set, or dictionary).

Unicode

Unicode is a standard for encoding characters. It allows you to represent text in any language using a single character set. Python comes with a built-in unicode function, which allows you to convert unicode to int.

What is Unicode?

Unicode is a standard for encoding characters that is widely used on the Internet. The Unicode Standard covers more than 110,000 different characters from the world’s major writing systems, including more than 60,000 ideographs (symbols and pictographs) used in a variety of languages. Characters include symbols used in mathematics, music, and cartography as well as Kitty Cats, Smiley Faces and other Dingbats.

The Unicode Standard provides a unique code point —a number—for every character, no matter what platform, device, application or language. It has been adopted by all modern software corporations, by governments, and by international standards bodies.

How to convert Unicode to int in Python?

To convert Unicode to int in Python, you can use the built-in ord() function. This function takes a single Unicode character and returns its corresponding int value. For example:

ord(‘a’)
97
ord(‘€’)
8364

Examples

Here are some examples of how to convert unicode to int in Python.

Convert Unicode to int in Python 2

In Python 2, the built-in function ord() can be used to convert a character to its corresponding ordinal Unicode code point:

ord(‘a’)
97
If you have a string of more than one character, you can use the unichr() function to convert the string to a unicode object:

unichr(97)
u’a’

Convert Unicode to int in Python 3

In Python 3, all strings are represented in Unicode. To convert a Unicode string to an int, use the built-in int() function.

To convert an int to a Unicode string, use the built-in unicode() function.

If you want to know more about Unicode, check out this helpful guide: https://realpython.com/python-unicode/.